Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive therapeutic technology that utilizes low-energy mechanical pressure waves to induce biological changes in targeted tissues. Unlike high-intensity ultrasound used for surgical ablation, LIPUS delivers energy at levels that trigger mechanotransduction pathways without causing significant thermal damage. Its primary biological effect is mediated through the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, such as PIEZO1, and the subsequent stimulation of signaling cascades that promote tissue repair, angiogenesis, and bone mineralization (Coste et al., 2010; Duarte, 1983). Clinically, it is established as a treatment for accelerating the healing of fresh bone fractures and managing non-union cases (Heckman et al., 1994). Emerging applications include its use in oncology and neurology, where it is combined with microbubbles to transiently open the blood-brain barrier for localized drug delivery or used to modulate neuronal activity (Hynynen et al., 2001). While not a molecular receptor itself, LIPUS serves as a critical physical trigger for various cellular processes relevant to regenerative medicine and drug delivery facilitation.

Other names

Low-energy ultrasound stimulationLow-intensity ultrasoundLIUSLow-intensity focused ultrasoundLIFUTherapeutic ultrasoundMechanical ultrasound stimulation

Activation of mechanosensitive ion channels (e.g., PIEZO1, TRPV4), induction of acoustic cavitation to increase membrane permeability, and stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt.