Lumpy skin disease virus antigen (LSDV antigen)

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) antigen refers to the immunogenic proteins of the LSDV, a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus within the family Poxviridae (Tulman et al., 2001). The virus is the causative agent of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle, a condition characterized by fever, nodules on the skin and mucous membranes, and enlarged lymph nodes, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry (Bhanuprakash et al., 2006). The most prominent antigenic target is the P32 protein (encoded by the LSDV074 gene), which is a major envelope protein involved in viral attachment and entry into host cells (Tuppurainen et al., 2017). These antigens are the primary focus for the development of vaccines, including live attenuated strains like the Neethling strain and recombinant subunit vaccines (OIE, 2021). Vaccination aims to induce protective neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses against these viral components to prevent infection and spread (Babiuk et al., 2008). In addition to vaccine development, LSDV antigens are critical for diagnostic applications, serving as the basis for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) used to detect exposure and monitor herd immunity (Tuppurainen et al., 2005). Understanding the structural and non-structural antigens of LSDV is essential for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA strategy). While live vaccines are effective, they carry risks such as the Neethling response, driving the search for safer antigen-based alternatives.

Other names

LSDV surface proteinP32 proteinLSDV074Capripoxvirus antigenLumpy skin disease virus envelope protein

Stimulation of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses against viral structural proteins, or inhibition of viral replication by interfering with DNA polymerase.