Lung hyperinflation

Lung hyperinflation refers to an abnormal increase in lung volume caused by trapped air that cannot be exhaled effectively. This leads to overexpansion of the lungs beyond their normal size. The condition most frequently arises from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where damage to alveoli and narrowing/inflammation of airways prevent complete exhalation. It can also occur with asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath and reduced exercise capacity; diagnosis relies on imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans showing increased total lung capacity or functional residual capacity. Treatment focuses on managing underlying diseases with medications like bronchodilators and inhaled steroids; advanced cases may require oxygen therapy or surgery.

Other names

Pulmonary hyperinflationHyperinflated lungs

Drugs aim to reduce airway inflammation and obstruction to improve airflow and decrease air trapping. Bronchodilators relax airway smooth muscle; corticosteroids reduce inflammation.