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Lymph Node

Molecular classification: Secondary Lymphoid Organ

Overview

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are integral components of the lymphatic and immune systems. They function primarily as filters for lymphatic fluid (lymph), trapping pathogens, foreign particles, and cancer cells. Each node contains a high concentration of immune cells—mainly lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells—that help identify and destroy harmful substances. Swollen/enlarged (“reactive”) lymph nodes often indicate infection or inflammation but can also be sites for metastasis in cancers due to their filtering role.

Biological functions

Filters interstitial fluidSite for immune cell activationImmune surveillanceAntigen presentationAntibody productionCellular immune responses

Disease associations

InfectionInflammationCancer (metastasis)

Safety considerations

Enlargement can indicate infection, inflammation, or cancer metastasis

Biomarkers

Lymph node size (for disease staging and monitoring)

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