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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Lysozyme C (LYZ)
- Target
- LYZ
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Glycoside hydrolase family 22, Antimicrobial protein
01
Overview
Lysozyme C is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme predominantly found in human tissues and secretions such as tears, saliva, and mucus, as well as in egg white. Its function is critically important in the innate immune system, where it hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, causing cell lysis and death—especially of Gram-positive bacteria. It also acts through cationic antimicrobial mechanisms and may have antiviral and limited antifungal activities. Lysozyme C is used as a model enzyme in studies of protein structure and function, antibacterial strategies, and protein engineering
- Other names
- MuramidaseN-acetylmuramic acid hydrolaseLysozymeHuman lysozymeEgg white lysozymeLYZ
02
Mechanism of action
Cleaves β-1,4-glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis Cationic peptide activity may disrupt microbial cell membranes directly
03
Biological functions
Bacteriolysis (bacteriolytic enzyme)Hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycanInnate immune defenseAntiviral and some antifungal activityInflammatory response
04
Disease associations
Infection (especially bacterial infections)InflammationPotential role in amyloidosisFunctions as part of the immune response
05
Safety considerations
Generally considered safe as a human endogenous protein and as a purified agent in food/pharmaceutical useRare allergy reported to egg white lysozyme in susceptible individualsPossible amyloidogenic potential in rare hereditary lysozyme amyloidosis
06
Interacting drugs
Some topical and injectable formulations use purified lysozyme as an antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory agent; rarely targeted by drugs but sometimes administered as a biological
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Elevated lysozyme levels can act as a biomarker for infections, inflammation, and some leukemias (especially monocytic leukemia)Sometimes used for monitoring certain immune or inflammatory conditions
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