Macrophage M2 polarization (null)

“Macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype” refers to the process by which macrophages adopt an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-repairing state in response to environmental signals, especially cytokines like IL-4, IL-13, CSF-1, and TGF-β. M2 macrophages play critical roles in the resolution of inflammation, tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and immune regulation. They express markers such as CD206 (mannose receptor), CD163, and arginase 1, and secrete anti-inflammatory mediators like IL-10 and TGF-β. Their dysregulation is implicated in cancers (where they support tumor growth), chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and fibrotic disorders.

Other names

M2 macrophage polarizationAlternative macrophage activationM2 phenotype polarization

Modulation of cytokine signaling pathways (e.g., JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, MAPK) Inhibition/activation of transcription factors (e.g., STAT6, IRF4) Blockade of surface receptors (e.g., CSF1R)