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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Macrophage Polarization (M2) (M2 Macrophages)
- Target
- M2 Macrophages
- Molecular classification
- Cellular functional state, Polarization state
01
Overview
M2 macrophages are a type of immune cell characterized by their anti-inflammatory functions, tissue repair capabilities, and role in resolving inflammation. They are induced by cytokines like IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, and glucocorticoids, and are involved in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunoregulation. Dysregulation of M2 polarization is implicated in various diseases, including fibrosis, tumor progression, and wound healing disorders. Several subtypes exist, including M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d, each with slightly different functions and activation stimuli. They are characterized by high expression of markers like CD206, CD163, and MerTK, and secretion of cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β.
- Other names
- Alternatively Activated MacrophagesM2 Macrophage PolarizationM2
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype through cytokine signaling and receptor activation.
03
Biological functions
Anti-inflammationTissue repairTissue remodelingImmunoregulationWound healingAngiogenesisPhagocytosisExtracellular matrix formation
04
Disease associations
FibrosisTumor progressionWound healing disordersChronic inflammatory diseasesObesityCancer
05
Safety considerations
Excessive M2 activation can lead to fibrosisM2 polarization in the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor progression and immune evasionInhibition of M2 polarization may impair wound healing in some contextsPotential for off-target effects when targeting macrophage polarization pathways
06
Interacting drugs
IL-4
4 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
CD206 (Mannose Receptor)CD163MerTKIL-10 levelsTGF-β levelsTNFα levels (relative to M1)IL-6 levels (relative to M1)
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