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Macrophage Polarization (M2 to M1) (M2 to M1 Polarization)
- Target
- M2 to M1 Polarization
- Molecular classification
- Cellular Process, Immune Cell Differentiation, Polarization State
01
Overview
Macrophage polarization (M2 to M1) describes the process by which macrophages switch from an anti-inflammatory, tissue-repairing (M2) phenotype to a pro-inflammatory, microbicidal (M1) phenotype. This transition is driven by environmental cues like IFNγ, LPS, and TNF, and involves complex signaling pathways, altered gene expression, and changes in cytokine production. Repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from M2 to M1 is a therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
- Other names
- M2 to M1 Macrophage RepolarizationM2 to M1 Macrophage TransitionMacrophage RepolarizationRepolarization of MacrophagesM1/M2 BalanceTumor-associated macrophage (TAM) reprogramming
02
Mechanism of action
Repolarization is achieved by modulating signaling pathways like JAK-STAT and NF-kB, leading to altered gene expression and cytokine production.
03
Biological functions
Immune ResponseInflammationTissue RepairWound HealingMicrobicidal ActivityTumoricidal ActivityImmune Regulation
04
Disease associations
CancerInflammationAutoimmune DisordersInfectionWound Healing DisordersTissue Fibrosis
05
Safety considerations
Off-target effects on other immune cellsPotential for excessive inflammationCytokine stormUnintended consequences on tissue homeostasis
06
Interacting drugs
IFNγ
11 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
iNOSCD80CD86MHC-IICXCL9CXCL10Arginase 1CD206Ym1IL-10TGFβTNFαIL-12IL-23
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