Major allergen Can f 1 (Can f 1)

Can f 1, also known as Canis familiaris allergen 1, is the primary major allergen produced by domestic dogs, predominantly found in their saliva and dander [1, 2]. It belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins, which are characterized by a beta-barrel structure that allows for the binding and transport of small hydrophobic molecules, such as pheromones [2, 3]. In sensitized individuals, Can f 1 acts as a potent trigger for Type I hypersensitivity reactions by cross-linking IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells and basophils [1, 5]. This process leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in clinical symptoms such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis [1, 4]. Can f 1 is a central target in clinical allergy management, serving as a key component in diagnostic component-resolved testing and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) [4, 6, 20]. AIT aims to desensitize the immune system through controlled exposure to the allergen, fostering long-term tolerance and reducing the severity of allergic responses [17, 20]. Additionally, emerging biotechnologies are developing neutralizing agents and monoclonal antibodies to directly target and deactivate Can f 1 in the environment or the patient [5, 10].

Other names

Canis familiaris allergen 1Dog 1Ag13

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces immune tolerance by promoting the production of regulatory T cells and blocking IgG4 antibodies, which compete with IgE for allergen binding and reduce mast cell activation [17, 20].