Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1)

Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) is the most abundant protein in royal jelly produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera). It is a secreted glycoprotein of approximately 55-60 kDa, composed of 432 amino acids, and is a member of the yellow protein family[4][5][6][10]. MRJP1 is critical for the nutrition and developmental fate of honeybee larvae, particularly in determining whether a larva will become a queen or worker, and is a key agent in the age-based division of labor among honeybee workers[1][3][4]. Structurally, MRJP1 adopts a unique six-bladed β-propeller fold, capable of forming oligomers in association with the protein apisimin and cholesterol derivatives[1][2][7][8]. It is primarily synthesized in the hypopharyngeal glands but is also found in bee brains, where it affects learning, memory, and social behaviors[3][4][9]. Beyond its role in bees, MRJP1 exhibits a range of pharmacological activities in mammalian systems, including stimulation of immune cells, cell growth, wound healing, and antimicrobial effects[1][9]. It is being investigated for various health benefits, although it is also a known allergen that can cause food allergies in humans[9]. There is no evidence that MRJP1 is a therapeutic target in the conventional sense (enzyme, receptor, etc.), nor are there specific drugs or biomarkers associated with it in clinical practice.

Other names

MRJP1royalactinyellow-related protein 1