Malassezia

Malassezia is a genus of lipophilic yeasts that are prominent members of the commensal human skin microbiota but are also implicated in various common dermatological disorders. These fungi are unique among eukaryotes because they lack fatty acid synthase genes, making them obligate commensals that depend on external lipids from host sebum for growth. In pathological states, Malassezia species like M. globosa and M. restricta produce enzymes such as lipases and proteases that break down sebum into irritating free fatty acids, triggering inflammatory responses. Clinical conditions associated with Malassezia include dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor. Therapeutic intervention focuses on reducing the fungal population through antifungal agents like azoles, which target the ergosterol synthesis pathway, or topical keratolytics. Understanding the shift from commensalism to pathogenicity is essential for managing the chronic and recurrent nature of Malassezia-related skin diseases.

Other names

PityrosporumLipophilic yeastMalassezia species

Drugs targeting Malassezia typically act by inhibiting lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51), which disrupts ergosterol biosynthesis and compromises fungal cell membrane integrity, or by interfering with fungal cell wall synthesis and oxidative stress management.