Manganese sulfate (MnSO4)

Manganese sulfate is an inorganic salt primarily utilized as a pharmacological source of manganese, an essential trace element required for human health (PubChem CID 24586). It is not classified as a biological target (such as a receptor or enzyme) but rather as a nutrient or drug used to prevent or treat manganese deficiency, especially in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition (StatPearls, Manganese). Manganese functions as a critical cofactor for several metalloenzymes, including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which protects mitochondria from oxidative stress, and arginase, which is essential for the urea cycle (NIH Office of Dietary Supplements). Additionally, it plays a role in bone development and the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. However, manganese sulfate carries a significant risk of toxicity; excessive accumulation in the brain's basal ganglia can cause 'manganism,' a severe neurological disorder characterized by tremors and gait disturbances similar to Parkinson's disease (PubMed, PMID: 28445442).

Other names

Manganous sulfateManganese(II) sulfateManganese sulfate monohydrateSulfuric acid, manganese(2+) salt

Acts as a supplemental source of divalent manganese (Mn2+) ions, which serve as essential prosthetic groups or enzymatic activators for various metabolic enzymes including superoxide dismutase, arginase, and pyruvate carboxylase (DrugBank DB09394).