Matrix metalloproteinase-21 (MMP21)

Matrix metalloproteinase-21 (MMP21) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase and member of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) family, which specializes in the breakdown and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during normal physiological processes, including embryonic development, especially of neuronal and epithelial tissues, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in pathologies such as tumor invasion and metastasis[1][4][3]. MMP21 is particularly important in establishing left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis and is thought to regulate signaling pathways such as Wnt, Pax, and Notch during organogenesis[2][3][4]. Mutations in MMP21 are associated with congenital disorders like heterotaxy, a condition involving abnormal organ placement[6]. The enzyme is expressed transiently during embryogenesis and in various tissues, with a regulated pattern distinct from many other MMPs[3][4]. At this time, no specific drugs are reported to target MMP21, though general MMP inhibitors exist; key concerns with targeting this enzyme therapeutically relate to its diverse roles in tissue homeostasis and development.

Other names

Matrix metallopeptidase 21MMP-21HTX7

Proteolytic degradation of ECM components; Cleavage of α1-antitrypsin; Modulation of signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, Notch)