Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)

Matrix metalloproteinase‑9 is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase belonging to the matrix metalloproteinases family. It plays a central role in degrading components of the extracellular matrix such as type IV and V collagens. Physiologically, it is involved in embryonic development, reproduction, bone growth plate formation/angiogenesis, wound healing, cell migration—including neutrophil transmigration—and synaptic plasticity within the nervous system. Pathologically elevated activity contributes to cancer invasion/metastasis/angiogenesis; cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis; inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis; neurodegeneration; fibrosis; and other chronic diseases. Its expression is tightly regulated but can be induced by cytokines such as TNF-alpha or IL‑1β during inflammation or injury.

Other names

92 kDa type IV collagenase92 kDa gelatinaseGelatinase BMMP9

Drugs or molecules that inhibit MMP‑9 generally act by chelating the zinc ion at the active site or blocking substrate access to the catalytic domain. This results in reduced degradation of extracellular matrix components and modulation of inflammation/tissue remodeling processes.