Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases responsible for the degradation and remodeling of all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). They play essential roles in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, wound repair, and tissue morphogenesis by modulating the cellular microenvironment and releasing sequestered growth factors. In pathological states, dysregulated MMP activity is a hallmark of cancer progression, facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis by breaking down basement membranes and promoting angiogenesis. They are also heavily implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular remodeling, and neurodegenerative disorders. While numerous small-molecule inhibitors were developed to target MMPs for cancer therapy, most failed in clinical trials due to poor selectivity and musculoskeletal toxicity, leading to a shift toward developing highly specific antibodies and allosteric inhibitors.

Other names

MatrixinsMatrix metallopeptidasesMMP familyExtracellular matrix-degrading enzymes

Inhibition of the zinc-dependent catalytic domain to prevent proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix substrates and signaling molecules.