Melatonin Receptor 2 (MT2)

Melatonin receptor 2 (MT2), also known as MTNR1B, is a high-affinity G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for melatonin, a hormone primarily involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. The MT2 receptor plays a critical role in phase-shifting the internal circadian clock to synchronize with the Earth's light-dark cycle, selectively increases non-REM (NREM) sleep, and inhibits calcium-dependent dopamine release in the retina. Altered or dysfunctional signaling through the MT2 receptor has been linked to various conditions like sleep disorders, circadian rhythm disturbances, anxiety, depression, pain syndromes, and type II diabetes pathogenesis.

Other names

MTNR1B

Agonist or antagonist binding modulates Gi/o protein signaling, influencing cAMP and cGMP production, and PKC pathway activation. Agonist binding leads to altered circadian rhythm, increased NREM sleep, and changes in dopamine release.