Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (CD46/MOG)

Host cell receptors for measles and rubella vaccine viruses are cell-surface proteins that facilitate the attachment and entry of attenuated vaccine strains. For measles vaccine strains (Edmonston-derived), the primary receptor is Membrane cofactor protein (CD46), a complement regulatory protein expressed on all nucleated human cells (Dorig et al., 1993; Naniche et al., 1993). This distinguishes vaccine strains from wild-type measles virus, which primarily uses Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1/CD150) and Nectin-4 (Tatsuo et al., 2000; Muhlebach et al., 2011). For the rubella virus, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has been identified as the principal host cell receptor (Kono et al., 2020). These receptors are essential for the efficacy of live-attenuated vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, by determining tissue tropism and the resulting immune response. However, the interaction with MOG is a subject of study regarding rare neurological safety concerns like MOG-antibody associated disease (MOGAD).

Other names

CD46Membrane cofactor proteinMOGMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinSLAMF1CD150Nectin-4PVRL4Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1Poliovirus receptor-related 4

Viral attachment and entry into host cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion; measles vaccine strains utilize CD46, SLAMF1, or Nectin-4, while rubella virus utilizes MOG.