Membrane phospholipid bilayer

The membrane phospholipid bilayer is the fundamental structural framework of all cellular and organelle boundaries, composed of amphipathic lipids that spontaneously organize into a double layer. This structure provides a selective permeability barrier, maintaining the distinct internal environment necessary for life while facilitating communication and transport via embedded proteins [1]. In therapeutic contexts, the bilayer is a primary target for several classes of anti-infectives; for example, polymyxins target the lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids of Gram-negative bacteria, while polyenes target fungal membranes [2,3]. Beyond direct disruption, the bilayer's physical state—including its fluidity and thickness—modulates the activity of membrane-bound receptors and ion channels, which is a key factor in the action of general anesthetics and certain anticancer therapies [4,5]. Understanding the specific lipid composition of target cells versus host cells is crucial for developing drugs that can selectively compromise the integrity of pathogens or malignant cells without causing significant systemic toxicity [6]. Consequently, the membrane is increasingly viewed not just as a passive barrier but as a dynamic platform for pharmacological intervention.

Other names

Cell membranePlasma membraneLipid bilayerCytoplasmic membraneBiological membrane

Pore formation, membrane depolarization, detergent-like disruption, and alteration of membrane fluidity or curvature.