Membrane proteins and lipids

The term “membrane proteins and lipids” collectively refers to all proteins and lipid molecules associated with cellular membranes. Membrane proteins (integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored) perform crucial functions including forming channels, acting as enzymes, transporting molecules, and transducing signals. Membrane lipids constitute the bilayer matrix, contribute to membrane structure, modulate protein function, and play roles in intracellular signaling. Many of the most important drug targets—such as GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters—are membrane proteins. Lipids both support membrane structure and directly regulate protein activity. Membrane protein and lipid dysfunction is implicated in numerous diseases, and the membrane environment is an essential consideration for drug action and toxicity.

Highly context-dependent; mechanisms include receptor agonism/antagonism, channel blockade, enzyme inhibition, transporter modulation, lipid raft disruption, etc.