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Meniscus (None)
- Target
- None
- Molecular classification
- Other (fibrocartilaginous structural tissue; not a receptor, enzyme, transporter, etc.)
01
Overview
The meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure in the knee joint that acts as a shock absorber, load distributor, and stabilizer between the femur and tibia. There are two menisci in each knee: the medial and lateral. Menisci are composed mainly of water and extracellular matrix, especially collagen types I and II, and are divided into vascular (red-red), partially vascular (red-white), and avascular (white-white) zones. Injuries—most commonly tears—are frequent and challenging to repair due to limited blood supply in much of the tissue, especially with age. Meniscus damage is associated with knee pain, instability, and increased risk of osteoarthritis.
- Other names
- Meniscusmeniscal cartilageknee meniscusmedial meniscuslateral meniscussemilunar cartilage
02
Biological functions
Load transmissionShock absorptionJoint lubricationDistribution of nutrients to cartilageStability and congruity of the knee jointProprioception
03
Disease associations
Osteoarthritis (indirectly related via meniscal injury)Meniscus tear (traumatic or degenerative injury)Other (knee pain, joint instability)
04
Safety considerations
Poor regenerative capacity, especially in avascular zonesSurgical repair has variable outcomes depending on tear location and vascularityRisks of post-surgical complications—joint stiffness, arthritis, re-tear
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