Mesenchymal stem cell–mediated immunomodulation via paracrine signaling (MSC-mediated immunomodulation)

Mesenchymal stem cell–mediated immunomodulation via paracrine signaling encompasses the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13), growth factors, and chemokines by MSCs in response to inflammatory stimuli. This process inhibits proliferation of T-cells, modulates B-cell, NK-cell, and dendritic cell function, and polarizes macrophages toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, leading to immune regulation and promotion of tissue regeneration. The mechanism is mediated not by a single molecular target but via the MSC secretome acting on immune cells through soluble factor signaling. This process is under investigation for treating autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions, with the safety profile dependent on MSC source, administration, and modulation of host immune response.

Other names

MSC paracrine immunomodulationStem cell paracrine immunomodulation

Secretes anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13) along with growth factors and chemokines; induces M2 macrophage polarization; inhibits T-cell, B-cell, and NK-cell proliferation; and modulates dendritic cell function.