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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunomodulation
- Molecular classification
- Multipotent stromal/progenitor cell, Cytokine secretion, Growth factor secretion, Extracellular vesicle secretion, Cell-cell interaction
01
Overview
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with potent immunomodulatory properties that affect both innate and adaptive immune responses. MSCs modulate immune responses through secretion of soluble factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, TGF-β), extracellular vesicles carrying microRNAs, and direct cell contact. They affect T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, Dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells and neutrophils.
- Other names
- MSC ImmunomodulationMesenchymal Stem Cell ImmunomodulationMSC Immunosuppression
02
Mechanism of action
Immunosuppression via secretion of soluble factors (IL-6, IL-10, PGE2, TGF-β, CCL-2, CCL-5, IGF-1, VEGF), extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (e.g., miR-21–5p), and direct cell contact mediating immunosuppression and tolerance.
03
Biological functions
Immune response modulationInflammation regulationTissue repairT cell suppressionB cell suppressionDendritic cell regulationMacrophage polarizationNK cell inhibitionNeutrophil function modulation
04
Disease associations
Autoimmune diseasesGraft-versus-host diseaseCrohn's diseaseAcute lung injuryCOVID-19 related ARDSCardiovascular diseasesInflammation
05
Safety considerations
Potential for tumor promotionRisk of ectopic tissue formationVariable efficacy depending on disease contextLong-term safety unknown
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