Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immune modulation

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immune modulation refers to the capacity of MSCs to suppress or enhance immune responses via the secretion of soluble factors, expression of immunoregulatory enzymes, release of extracellular vesicles, and direct cell-cell interactions. MSCs can both inhibit excessive inflammation and stimulate repair by acting as "sensors and switchers" within the immune system, responding adaptively to the microenvironment and interacting with both innate and adaptive immune cells. This broad, complex activity has therapeutic utility in settings such as graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune disease, and tissue injury, but does not correspond to a classical molecular target such as a receptor or enzyme. Key point: "Immune modulation via mesenchymal stem cell activity" describes a therapeutic mechanism/process, not a single molecular target or receptor; it is thus not suitable for a canonical molecular drug target record.

Other names

MSC immunomodulationMesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulationMSC immune regulation

Secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TGF-β, IL-10); Secretion of immunomodulatory molecules (e.g., PGE2 via COX2); Expression of enzymes such as iNOS (in rodents) or IDO (in primates and humans) to suppress T-cell responses; Modulation of immune cell differentiation (promoting regulatory T cells, polarizing macrophages); Contact-dependent inhibition of dendritic cells and B cells.