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Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

Target: MSCs
Molecular classification: Adult Stem Cell, Progenitor Cell

Overview

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, primarily those of mesenchymal origin such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and connective tissue. They play a significant role in tissue repair, immunomodulation, and regenerative medicine via cell differentiation and paracrine effects (secretion of bioactive factors).

Other names: Mesenchymal Stromal CellsMarrow Stromal Cells

Mechanism of action

Cellular differentiation, paracrine signaling (secretion of bioactive factors), immunomodulation

Biological functions

Tissue RepairImmunomodulationSelf-renewalDifferentiationParacrine Signaling

Disease associations

Graft-versus-host diseaseMyocardial InfarctionCartilage DefectsBone DefectsWound HealingSkin RegenerationNeuronal InjuryAutoimmune DisordersGenetic Defects (e.g., Osteogenesis Imperfecta)

Safety considerations

Potential for unwanted differentiationRisk of tumor formationImmunogenicity concerns (though low, still possible)Delivery method complicationsVariability in MSC preparations

Biomarkers

CD105 (Endoglin)CD73 (Ecto-5'-nucleotidase)CD90 (Thy1)Absence of CD45Absence of CD34Absence of CD14 or CD11bAbsence of CD79α or CD19Absence of HLA-DRAbsence of CD40Absence of CD80Absence of CD86

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