Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory mechanism (MSC immunomodulation)

Immunomodulation via mesenchymal stromal cells" does not refer to a single molecular target, receptor, enzyme, or specific gene/protein, but rather describes a multifaceted set of mechanisms carried out by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to modulate the immune system. MSCs are multipotent stromal cells known for their ability to regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. Their immunomodulatory actions are mediated by paracrine secretion of immune-modulating factors (such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TGF-β, IL-10), direct cell-cell contact, and the release of extracellular vesicles. These mechanisms affect the phenotype and activity of T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, leading to immunosuppression or immune homeostasis. Due to these properties, MSCs (rather than a target molecule within or related to them) are studied and used as cell-based therapies for conditions such as graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory syndromes[1][2][4][5][6]. As such, "immunomodulation via mesenchymal stromal cells" is a therapeutic approach involving living cells and diverse signaling pathways, not a canonical drug target.\n\nNote: \n- The entry "Immunomodulation via mesenchymal stromal cells" is not itself a therapeutic target in the conventional sense (e.g., a receptor, enzyme, transporter, ion channel), but instead describes a collection of mechanisms or cellular actions. Therefore, it is marked as is_incorrect: true for purposes of target mapping. \n- No single molecule, gene, or receptor can be extracted; if a specific immunomodulatory molecule (such as "indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase" or "prostaglandin E2 receptor") is intended, it should be named directly[1][2][5][6].

Other names

Mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulationMSC-mediated immunomodulationImmunomodulatory effects of MSCsImmunoregulation by mesenchymal stromal cells

Paracrine secretion of cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β, PGE2, IDO, NO), Direct cell-cell contact, Modulation of immune cell differentiation and function, Release of extracellular vesicles