Mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation

**Mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation** refers to the immunoregulatory activity exhibited by mesenchymal stromal cells (often also called mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs). MSCs are multipotent cells of non-hematopoietic origin found in various tissues, notable for their potential in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies[2][3][4]. They exert immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune systems primarily through secretion of soluble factors (e.g., cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, TGF-β; chemokines; growth factors) as well as through direct cell-cell contact with immune cells[1][2][3][5]. MSCs can inhibit T cell and B cell proliferation, promote regulatory phenotypes in macrophages and dendritic cells, and encourage the generation of regulatory T and B cells, mainly through paracrine effects and exosome secretion[1][2][3][5]. MSC immunomodulation underpins their therapeutic investigation in a variety of immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune disorders, graft-versus-host disease, inflammatory diseases, COVID-19, and heart failure[1][2][3][5]. However, "mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation" itself is not a discrete molecular target or receptor but rather a cellular process or therapeutic mechanism, and so is not accurately classified as a canonical drug target.

Other names

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunomodulationMSC immunomodulationMSC-mediated immunomodulationMesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation

Secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors Cell contact-dependent immune cell regulation Induction of apoptosis/regulatory phenotypes in immune cells Secretion of exosomes with immunomodulatory microRNAs and proteins Modulation of macrophage and monocyte polarization Promotion of regulatory T and B cell formation