Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) (METRNL)

Meteorin-like protein (METRNL), frequently referred to as Cometin in neurobiological contexts, is a secreted protein that functions as a neurotrophic factor with activity similar to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) (Jørgensen et al., 2012, PMID: 22351612). It is highly expressed in the supporting cells of the sensory epithelia and plays a vital role in the survival and neurite outgrowth of sensory neurons, such as those in the spiral ganglion of the inner ear (UniProt Q6EBC1). METRNL exerts its effects by activating downstream signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK cascades, which mediate its neuroprotective and regenerative properties. Beyond the nervous system, METRNL (also known as Subfatin) is involved in metabolic regulation, promoting thermogenesis in adipose tissue and exerting anti-inflammatory effects (Rao et al., 2014, PMID: 25470031). Due to its multi-faceted roles, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for treating sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes. Its ability to support both neurons and their supporting cells makes it a versatile candidate for regenerative medicine.

Other names

CometinSubfatinMeteorin-betaMETRNLMeteorin-like protein

METRNL acts as a secreted neurotrophic factor that binds to its receptor complex to activate the JAK/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, which promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth (Jørgensen et al., 2012, PMID: 22351612).