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Methyl Group Transfer
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Transferase, Methyltransferase
01
Overview
Methyl group transfer, also known as transmethylation, refers to the biochemical process in which a methyl group (-CH3) is transferred from one molecule (the donor) to another (the acceptor). This reaction is catalyzed by a broad class of enzymes called methyltransferases. Transmethylation plays a central role in numerous biological processes, including gene regulation, metabolism, and the biosynthesis of various biomolecules.
- Other names
- Transmethylation
02
Mechanism of action
Catalysis involves SN2-like nucleophilic substitution where a substrate attacks an electrophilic methyl carbon attached to SAM's sulfur atom. The reaction results in transfer of CH3 from SAM to substrate with conversion into SAH.
03
Biological functions
Epigenetic modificationRegulation of gene expressionMetabolismDetoxification
04
Disease associations
CancerGenetic/metabolic diseases
05
Safety considerations
Dysregulation or mutation in genes encoding these enzymes can lead to genetic diseases (e.g., imprinting disorders), cancer progression via altered epigenetic marks, metabolic syndromes due to impaired hormone/neurotransmitter processing.
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