Methylxanthines

Methylxanthines are a class of chemical compounds derived from xanthine with one or more methyl groups attached to their structure. They are found naturally in various plants and have significant pharmacological properties, acting as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine receptor antagonists, and influencing calcium regulation and histone deacetylase activity. They are used therapeutically in respiratory conditions and as CNS stimulants but have a narrow therapeutic window and potential for toxicity.

Other names

1-Methylxanthine7-MethylxanthineTheophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine)Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine)Theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine)Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine)

Methylxanthines exert their effects through multiple mechanisms including phosphodiesterase inhibition, adenosine receptor antagonism, histone deacetylase activation, calcium regulation, and GABA receptor modulation.