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Target intelligence / Profile preview
MF59 Adjuvant (MF59)
- Target
- MF59
- Molecular classification
- Adjuvant, Emulsion
01
Overview
MF59 is a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant used in human vaccines, notably for influenza. It enhances both the magnitude and breadth of immune responses by inducing chemokine and inflammatory cytokine production, recruiting immune cells, promoting monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells, and enhancing both humoral and cellular immunity. The immunostimulatory activity requires the full emulsion formulation and is not achieved by individual components alone. It acts via DAMP signals more than direct PRR engagement.
- Other names
- Squalene-based oil-in-water emulsionInfluenza vaccine adjuvant
02
Mechanism of action
MF59 induces chemokine/cytokine milieu, recruits phagocytes, and promotes monocyte-to-dendritic cell transition, leading to enhanced adaptive immune responses.
03
Biological functions
Immune system activationEnhancement of humoral immunityEnhancement of cellular immunityRecruitment of immune cellsAntigen uptake and presentation
04
Disease associations
InfectionVaccination
05
Safety considerations
Local injection site reactions (e.g., pain, redness, swelling)Potential for systemic reactions (e.g., fever, fatigue, myalgia)
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