MF59-Adjuvant Enhanced Immune System (MF59-Adjuvant)

MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant used in vaccines to enhance the immune response. It acts broadly on the immune system, primarily by modulating innate and adaptive immunity at the site of vaccine administration. Its main function is to boost both the magnitude and quality of immune responses to co-administered antigens, leading to higher antibody titers, affinity maturation, and cross-protection.

Other names

MF59 adjuvantMF59-adjuvanted immune response

MF59 rapidly induces local production of chemokines (e.g., CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CXCL8/IL-8) at the injection site leading to recruitment of innate immune cells. It enhances antigen uptake and presentation by APCs (neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells). It promotes dendritic cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes and increases activation of CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers leading to increased antibody affinity maturation and higher titers.