Microbial biofilm extracellular polymeric substance matrix (EPS matrix) (EPS matrix)

The microbial biofilm matrix, primarily composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), is a dynamic and complex scaffold that encases microbial communities. This matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA), which together provide structural integrity and protection against environmental stressors, including host immune defenses and antimicrobial agents [1]. Associated cell surface properties, such as adhesins, pili, and fimbriae, are crucial for the initial attachment of cells to surfaces and for maintaining the cohesive strength of the biofilm [2]. In clinical contexts, the matrix acts as a physical and chemical barrier that contributes significantly to the high level of antibiotic tolerance observed in chronic infections, such as those found in cystic fibrosis or on indwelling medical devices [3]. Therapeutic targeting of the matrix involves the use of enzymes like DNases or glycoside hydrolases to degrade its components, or chelating agents to disrupt the ionic cross-linking that stabilizes the structure [4]. By breaking down this protective shield, these treatments aim to restore the susceptibility of the embedded pathogens to conventional antibiotics and host clearance mechanisms [5]. Sources: [1] Flemming, H. C., & Wingender, J. (2010). Nature Reviews Microbiology; [2] Berne, C., et al. (2018). Nature Reviews Microbiology; [3] Ciofu, O., et al. (2022). Nature Reviews Microbiology; [4] Tetz, G. V., et al. (2009). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; [5] Lu, T. K., & Collins, J. J. (2007). PNAS.

Other names

Biofilm matrixExtracellular polymeric substancesEPS matrixBiofilm scaffoldMicrobial biofilm matrix and associated cell surface properties

Enzymatic degradation of extracellular DNA and polysaccharides, chelation of divalent cations to destabilize the matrix, and reduction of disulfide bonds in matrix proteins.