Microbial biomolecules

The term Broad microbial biomolecules via oxidative chemistry refers to a collective target class encompassing various essential components of pathogens—including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—that are susceptible to oxidative damage. This target is primarily addressed by broad-spectrum oxidizing agents such as antiseptics and disinfectants, rather than highly selective small molecules (1). These agents generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) or directly oxidize molecular structures, leading to the denaturation of enzymes, disruption of the lipid bilayer, and fragmentation of genomic material (2, 3). Because this mechanism of action is non-specific and physical-chemical in nature, it is effective against a wide array of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and it is associated with a very low risk of antimicrobial resistance (4). However, the lack of selectivity means that these agents can also affect host cells, which generally restricts their therapeutic use to topical applications, wound care, and environmental sterilization (5). In clinical practice, targeting these biomolecules is a cornerstone of infection prevention in surgical and outpatient settings.

Other names

Microbial cell componentsBacterial proteins, lipids, and DNAPathogen biomoleculesOxidative targets of biocides

Oxidation of functional groups (such as thiols) in proteins, peroxidation of membrane lipids, and oxidative degradation of nucleic acids, leading to irreversible structural damage and microbial death.