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Microglia Cell Activation
- Molecular classification
- Immune Cell, Myeloid Cell, Phagocyte
01
Overview
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to injury and disease. Microglial activation is a dynamic process characterized by changes in morphology, gene expression, and functional properties. Activated microglia can adopt diverse phenotypes, ranging from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2), influencing the outcome of CNS pathologies. Chronic or dysregulated microglial activation is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.
- Other names
- Microglial ActivationActivated MicrogliaM1 MicrogliaM2 Microglia
02
Mechanism of action
Varied depending on the specific drug; examples include inhibition of microglial proliferation, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine release, promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokine release, and modulation of microglial polarization.
03
Biological functions
Immune surveillancePhagocytosisInflammationCytokine productionAntigen presentationTissue repairNeuroprotectionSynaptic pruning
04
Disease associations
Alzheimer's diseaseParkinson's diseaseMultiple sclerosisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)StrokeTraumatic brain injurySpinal cord injuryNeuroinflammationNeurodegenerative diseaseChronic pain
05
Safety considerations
Non-selective targeting of microglia can disrupt normal brain function.Over-suppression of microglial activity can impair immune defense and tissue repair.Chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs can have systemic side effects.Modulation of microglial polarization is complex, and unintended shifts towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes are possible.
06
Interacting drugs
Minocycline
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
sCD14MHCII expressionCytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10)Chemokine levels (CCL2, CXCL10)Expression of microglial markers (Iba1, CD68, TMEM119)PET imaging ligands for activated microglia (e.g., [11C]PK11195, [18F]DPA-714)
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