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Microglial Cell Activation
- Molecular classification
- Cellular Process, Immune Response
01
Overview
Microglial cell activation is a dynamic process central both to healthy brain maintenance—via immune defense/debris removal—and pathological conditions when dysregulated chronic inflammation occurs. It involves complex signaling pathways with diverse functional outcomes depending on context-specific cues within the CNS environment.
- Other names
- Microglial ActivationActivated Microglia
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of microglial polarization (M1/M2); Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release; Enhancement of phagocytosis; Promotion of neurotrophic factor secretion
03
Biological functions
Immune surveillanceDebris clearanceInflammation modulationSynaptic pruningPhagocytosis
04
Disease associations
Neurodegenerative diseaseAlzheimer's diseaseParkinson's diseaseMultiple SclerosisInflammationBrain Injury
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects on other immune cellsRisk of immunosuppressionUnpredictable shift in microglial phenotype (M1 vs. M2)Exacerbation of disease pathology if microglial activation is inappropriately suppressed
06
Interacting drugs
Anti-inflammatory drugs
3 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) levels in CSF/bloodAnti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) levels in CSF/bloodMicroglial activation markers (e.g., Iba1, CD68) in brain imagingTREM2 levels in CSF/bloodsTREM2 levels in CSF/blood
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