Microorganisms in oral and pharyngeal region

The microorganisms in the oral and pharyngeal region, collectively known as the oropharyngeal microbiota, comprise a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining local homeostasis and protecting against the colonization of exogenous pathogens through niche competition and immune modulation (Dewhirst et al., 2010, Journal of Bacteriology). However, imbalances in this community, or the introduction of specific virulent strains like Streptococcus pyogenes or Porphyromonas gingivalis, are primary drivers of diseases such as pharyngitis, dental caries, and periodontitis (Kilian et al., 2016, British Dental Journal). Therapeutic interventions targeting these microorganisms generally involve broad-spectrum or targeted antimicrobials, such as antibiotics and antiseptics, which aim to reduce pathogen load or restore microbial balance. Because this 'target' represents an entire ecological community rather than a single molecular entity, it is not classified as a traditional therapeutic target in drug discovery, but rather a site of infection or a biological system to be modulated (Marsh, 2003, Journal of Clinical Periodontology).

Other names

Oral microbiomePharyngeal microbiotaOral microfloraOropharyngeal floraOral cavity microorganisms

Antimicrobial agents targeting these microorganisms typically act through the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or DNA replication, as well as through the disruption of microbial cell membranes by antiseptic agents.