Microplastic particles in the gastrointestinal tract (MPs)

Microplastic particles in the gastrointestinal tract are exogenous environmental contaminants, typically defined as plastic fragments less than 5 mm in diameter, that enter the human body primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food and water (Cox et al., 2019, Environmental Science & Technology). These particles are not endogenous biological molecules or therapeutic targets; rather, they represent a significant toxicological concern due to their persistence and potential for bioaccumulation within the digestive system (Prata et al., 2020, Science of The Total Environment). Once in the gastrointestinal tract, microplastics can cause physical irritation to the intestinal mucosa, leading to localized inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species (Hirt & Body-Malapel, 2020, Exposure and Health). They may also act as vectors for harmful chemicals, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, or adsorb heavy metals and pathogens from the environment, which are then released upon ingestion (Campanale et al., 2020, IJERPH). Furthermore, exposure to these particles has been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota, potentially contributing to metabolic and inflammatory disorders (Fackelmann & Sommer, 2019, Science of The Total Environment). Currently, there are no clinical drugs designed to target or eliminate microplastics from the human body, making them a subject of environmental health monitoring rather than traditional pharmacology (Schwabl et al., 2019, Annals of Internal Medicine).

Other names

MicroplasticsNanoplasticsPlastic debrisIngested polymersSynthetic polymer particles

None