Microplastics (MPs)

Microplastics are synthetic polymer particles measuring less than 5 millimeters in diameter, originating from the degradation of plastic waste or intentional manufacture for industrial and consumer products [1]. They are not biological targets, such as receptors or enzymes, but rather exogenous environmental contaminants that have been increasingly identified within human biological systems, including the bloodstream, lungs, and placenta [2]. Upon entry into the body via ingestion or inhalation, microplastics can trigger localized and systemic inflammatory responses and promote oxidative stress [4]. Recent clinical evidence has linked the presence of microplastics, such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, within arterial plaques to an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality [3]. Additionally, these particles can serve as carriers for toxic additives like phthalates and bisphenol A, which interfere with endocrine signaling [4]. Because they are not therapeutic targets, there are no drugs designed to interact with them; instead, medical interest focuses on their role as pathogenic drivers of chronic disease. The accumulation of these non-biodegradable materials in tissues poses a significant challenge for long-term human health and environmental safety. Research is currently focused on quantifying the threshold of toxicity and the specific mechanisms by which different polymer types interact with cellular membranes.

Other names

Microplastic particlesPlastic debrisNanoplasticsPolymer contaminants

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