MicroRNA 135 (miR-135)

MicroRNA 135 (miR-135) is a family of small non-coding RNAs, primarily comprising the isoforms miR-135a and miR-135b, that serve as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. It is characterized by its context-dependent roles, functioning as an oncogene in colorectal and liver cancers by targeting the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene and activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Conversely, it acts as a tumor suppressor in breast and renal cancers, where its downregulation is associated with increased cell proliferation and metastasis. Beyond oncology, miR-135 is essential for central nervous system function, regulating synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection; its deficiency is linked to Alzheimer's disease through the modulation of BACE1 and Rock2. Therapeutic strategies involve the use of miRNA mimics to restore its suppressive activity or antagomirs to inhibit its oncogenic potential, with candidates like MIC-083 currently in development. However, the clinical translation of miR-135-targeted therapies faces significant hurdles, including off-target effects and the challenge of achieving precise tissue delivery.

Other names

miR-135miR-135amiR-135bhsa-miR-135ahsa-miR-135bmicroRNA-135amicroRNA-135b

miRNA mimics restore the endogenous regulatory function of miR-135, while antagomirs (anti-miRs) competitively bind to and inhibit the activity of the mature miRNA.