MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) (miR-155)

MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a critical non-coding RNA that regulates the inflammatory signaling network initiated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In macrophages and dendritic cells, TLR4 activation leads to a rapid increase in miR-155 expression, which subsequently targets and represses negative regulators of the immune response, such as SHIP1 and SOCS1 (O'Connell et al., 2007; Ceppi et al., 2009). This repression amplifies the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, sustaining the inflammatory state. Furthermore, miR-155 can be sequestered into exosomes and secreted into the extracellular environment, where it acts as a paracrine signal to activate neighboring immune cells (Alexander et al., 2015). Due to its central role in driving pathological inflammation and its association with hematological malignancies, miR-155 is a significant therapeutic target. Drugs like Cobomarsen (MRG-106), an antisense oligonucleotide, are designed to inhibit miR-155 function to treat conditions such as lymphoma and chronic inflammatory diseases (Foss et al., 2018). However, therapeutic challenges include achieving precise delivery to target tissues and avoiding systemic immunosuppression.

Other names

MIR155hsa-mir-155MicroRNA 155BICB-cell Integration Cluster

Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of microRNA-155