MicroRNA 181c (miR-181c)

MicroRNA 181c is a small non-coding RNA molecule (~22 nucleotides) belonging to the microRNA family, specifically the 181 family, and is transcribed independently in the human genome[3][7]. It primarily functions as a post-transcriptional regulator by binding to complementary sequences in mRNAs, typically leading to mRNA degradation or translational repression via the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)[3][5]. miR-181c is unusual among microRNAs for its ability to translocate into mitochondria and regulate mitochondrial gene expression, especially influencing the cytochrome c oxidase complex (complex IV) by targeting mt-COX1, thereby altering mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, and reactive oxygen species generation[1][5][7]. Its expression is dynamically regulated in various pathological contexts, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, and its dysregulation is linked to both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects, cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune responses depending on cellular context[7][2][4]. MIR181C is being explored as a therapeutic target using antagomiRs, miRNA sponges, and epigenetic modulation approaches, but its broad regulatory scope raises concerns for off-target effects and context-dependent adverse outcomes, especially in the heart and brain[1][5][4][7].

Other names

hsa-mir-181cMIR181CMIRN181Cmir-181c

Synthetic miRNA sponges and antagomiRs: inhibit MIR181C by sequestration or degradation, leading to upregulation of its target mRNAs[2][5]\nIn lipid-nanoparticle delivery experiments, MIR181C overexpression modulates mitochondrial gene expression, impacting bioenergetics and ROS production[5]