microRNA-183 (miR-183)

microRNA-183 (miR-183) is a small non-coding RNA molecule that belongs to the highly conserved miR-183-96-182 cluster located on human chromosome 7q32.2 (GeneCards, 2024). It functions as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or translational repression (NCBI, 2024). miR-183 is primarily recognized for its dual role in oncology, where it frequently acts as an oncomiR by downregulating tumor suppressors such as PTEN, FOXO1, and PDCD4, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in various solid tumors (Zhang et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2021). Beyond its role in cancer, miR-183 is essential for the development and maintenance of sensory organs, particularly the cochlea and retina, and its dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like ALS and autoimmune conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (Zhou et al., 2021; Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, 2011). Therapeutic strategies currently under investigation include the use of antisense oligonucleotides (antagomirs) to inhibit its pro-tumorigenic activity or miRNA mimics to restore its function in specific disease contexts (Li & Rana, 2014; Habibi Khoei et al., 2023).

Other names

MIR183MIRN183miRNA183hsa-mir-183hsa-miR-183-5phsa-miR-183-3p

Post-transcriptional gene silencing via mRNA degradation or translational inhibition by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs such as PTEN, FOXO1, and PDCD4 (NCBI, 2024; Zhang et al., 2018).