MicroRNA 190a (miR-190a)

MicroRNA 190a (miR-190a) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (~20–24 nucleotides), encoded in an intron of the Talin2 (TLN2) gene, and functions mainly by binding complementary sequences in the 3′-UTRs of target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression or mRNA destabilization[4][7]. It is processed from a primary transcript through Drosha and Dicer cleavage, and incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)[2][4]. miR-190a plays critical roles in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and responses to hypoxia (by targeting prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3 and stabilizing HIFα)[3][4][5]. In breast cancer, miR-190a acts as a tumor suppressor by directly downregulating the metastasis-promoting receptor PAR-1 and is itself regulated by estrogen receptor α (ERα)[5][6]. In prostate cancer, it inhibits the androgen receptor and its co-activator YB-1[1]. Expression levels and functional activity of miR-190a serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for several cancers, and its modulation is viewed as a promising—though currently experimental—therapeutic avenue[4][5][6]. Notably, the context-dependent effects, involvement in multiple signaling cascades, and potential cross-talk with other miRNAs underscore the complexity and therapeutic challenges in targeting miR-190a directly[4][6].

Other names

MIR190Ahsa-mir-190MIR190MIRN190hsa-mir-190amiR-190mir-190amicroRNA 190

Generally, drugs or interventions targeting miR-190a act by: - Increasing miR-190a levels to suppress metastasis (downregulating PAR-1, inhibiting EMT/AKT-ERK signaling) - Modulating hormone receptor signaling to influence miR-190a expression (ERα agonists/antagonists, AR modulators) - Potential inhibition of hypoxia response through stabilization of HIFα via downregulation of prolyl hydroxylases