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MicroRNA 302a (miR-302a)
- Target
- miR-302a
- Molecular classification
- MicroRNA, Non-coding RNA, Regulatory RNA
01
Overview
MicroRNA 302a (miR-302a) is a member of the miR-302/367 cluster, predominantly expressed in human embryonic stem cells, where it plays a key role in maintaining stem cell pluripotency and regulating differentiation. As a regulatory RNA, miR-302a post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in target mRNAs, typically repressing their expression. In cancer, miR-302a acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate, breast, colon, cervical, and glioblastoma, inhibiting cell proliferation via AKT pathway inhibition and promoting G1/S cell cycle arrest; in some contexts, it may also support tumor growth. miR-302a modulates cholesterol metabolism by regulating ABCA1 expression, affecting cholesterol efflux and atherosclerosis progression. It is a candidate therapeutic target and biomarker, but its manipulation carries potential risks due to its involvement in essential cellular functions
- Other names
- hsa-mir-302hsa-mir-302aMIR302AMIRN302MIRN302Amir-302amicroRNA 302hsa-mir-302/367 cluster
02
Mechanism of action
Drugs (such as anti-miR-302a) act by blocking miR-302a function, leading to de-repression of target genes (like ABCA1, increasing cholesterol efflux)
03
Biological functions
Regulation of gene expression (by targeting mRNA 3' UTRs and suppressing translation or promoting degradation)Cell cycle control (induces G1/S arrest via AKT signaling pathway inhibition)Cell proliferation (can suppress or promote tumor cell growth in context-specific manner)Apoptosis regulationMaintenance of stem cell pluripotency (highly expressed in embryonic stem cells, regulates differentiation)Cholesterol homeostasis (modulates cholesterol efflux by targeting ABCA1)
04
Disease associations
Cancer (tumor suppressor in prostate, breast, colon, cervical, and glioblastoma; can also act as oncogene)Atherosclerosis (regulates cholesterol efflux in macrophages, can suppress plaque formation in models)Other roles in inflammation and possibly in preeclampsia through trophoblast migration
05
Safety considerations
Therapeutic modulation of miR-302a can impact critical cellular pathways such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and stem cell maintenance, posing risks of off-target effects, impaired tissue regeneration, unwanted cell proliferation, or altered lipid metabolism
06
Interacting drugs
Anti-miR-302a oligonucleotides (experimental, used to block miR-302a activity in animal models)
07
Biomarkers
miR-302a expression itself is a potential biomarker for tumor characterization, cancer progression, and stemness state
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