MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a)

MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a) is a small, non-coding RNA encoded by the MIR34A gene in humans. It functions primarily as a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression by binding to target mRNAs and leading to their degradation or inhibition of translation. miR-34a acts as a key tumor suppressor, directly or indirectly inhibiting genes involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, survival, migration, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Its expression is tightly regulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53 and is frequently downregulated in multiple cancers due to deletions, mutations, or epigenetic silencing. In addition to its role in oncology, miR-34a is implicated in fibrotic diseases, regulation of DNA repair, cell death, and senescence. As a therapeutic target, miR-34a mimics have been tested in clinical trials (notably MRX34), but widespread application is limited by safety and delivery challenges. Its altered expression serves as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and possibly for monitoring anti-fibrotic responses[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].

Other names

MIR34AMIRN34AmiRNA34Amir-34mir-34amicroRNA 34aMIRN34 microRNA

Gene silencing via translational repression and mRNA destabilization of oncogenes and other targets; tumor suppression (by targeting genes in p53, TGF-β, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT pathways); regulation of apoptosis (targets SIRT1, BCL2, CD44, among others)