microRNA 375-3p (miR-375-3p)

microRNA 375-3p (miR-375-3p) is a highly conserved, small non-coding RNA that serves as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Originally identified as a pancreatic islet-specific microRNA, it plays a fundamental role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell mass through targets like myotrophin (Mtpn) (Nature, 2004). In oncology, miR-375-3p typically functions as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including hepatocellular, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas, where it inhibits cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting oncogenic factors such as YAP1, SP1, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (Biosci Rep, 2021). However, its role is context-dependent, as it is often upregulated and may promote progression in prostate cancer and small cell lung cancer (Int J Mol Sci, 2025). Due to its stability in biological fluids and significant dysregulation in disease states, it is being extensively developed as a minimally invasive biomarker for cancer diagnosis and metabolic monitoring. Therapeutic approaches include the use of miR-375 mimics to restore tumor-suppressive activity or antagomirs to inhibit its oncogenic functions, often investigated in combination with chemotherapeutics like 5-fluorouracil to overcome drug resistance.

Other names

MIR375MIRN375hsa-miR-375-3pmicroRNA-375miR-375hsa-mir-375

Binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs to induce mRNA degradation or translational inhibition, thereby silencing the expression of specific genes involved in cell cycle, metabolism, and signaling.