MicroRNA 4521 (miR-4521)

MicroRNA 4521 (miR-4521, hsa-miR-4521) is a small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA of approximately 18–24 nucleotides, categorized as a microRNA that exerts regulatory effects on gene expression at the post-transcriptional level[1][2][3]. miR-4521 functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer, by targeting genes such as FAM129A and FOXM1. Its overexpression leads to inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, cell cycle arrest, and suppression of cancer cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of miR-4521 is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. It is under investigation as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a novel therapeutic target, especially when combined with drugs that induce DNA damage. Beyond oncology, miR-4521 has been linked to epilepsy and liver fibrosis, indicating broader biological significance[1][2][3].

Other names

hsa-mir-4521MIR4521mir-4521hsa-miR-4521

As a tumor suppressor, miR-4521 downregulates oncogenic targets (e.g., FAM129A, FOXM1), leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via pathways including: - p-FAK/p-AKT/MDM2/P53 axis - BCL-2/BAX/cytochrome c/caspase-3/caspase-9 - Inhibition of FOXM1-mediated cell cycle progression and DNA repair[1][2][3]