microRNA-490 (miR-490)

microRNA-490 is a non-coding RNA molecule, classified as a microRNA, which regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally by promoting mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation[3]. It is processed into two mature forms, microRNA-490-3p and microRNA-490-5p, each with distinct biological roles and target gene sets[1]. miR-490 is located in the intron of the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (CHRM2) gene on chromosome 7q33[1]. Both miR-490-3p and miR-490-5p have been implicated in suppressing tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and in modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition across a variety of cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, bladder, and more[1][2]. These microRNAs exert their effects by targeting genes such as cyclin D1 (CCND1), TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1), BUB1, PIK3CA, and many others, impacting crucial signaling pathways (notably TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt)[1]. miR-490-3p, in particular, has been linked to the regulation of the cell cycle (notably silencing CDK1 and inducing G1/S arrest), reduced cancer cell proliferation, and sensitization or resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and paclitaxel[2]. Both forms serve as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, though further work is required to translate these findings into targeted therapies[1].

Other names

hsa-mir-490miR-490MIRN490MIR490microRNA-490-3pmicroRNA-490-5p

Modulation of gene expression via RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); suppression of gene translation; promotion of mRNA degradation; interference with cell cycle regulators such as CDK1 and signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, MAPK, PI3K/Akt)