MicroRNA 519a-2 (miR-519a-2)

MicroRNA 519a-2 is a non-coding RNA gene belonging to the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC), the largest miRNA cluster identified in humans. It is transcribed as a longer precursor and processed by the Drosha and Dicer enzymes to generate mature miRNA (notably miR-519a-2-5p), which is loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Through imperfect base pairing with target mRNAs, it downregulates gene expression by translational repression or mRNA destabilization. miR-519a-2 is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis resistance, and tissue invasiveness—functions especially relevant in cancer biology. Its upregulation is associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis, and it can confer therapeutic resistance (notably to tamoxifen in breast cancer) by targeting networks of tumor suppressor genes. miR-519a-2 also directly affects immune evasion by downregulating ligands involved in natural killer cell recognition, and is considered a promising biomarker for disease progression and therapy response in certain cancers[2][3][4][5].

Other names

hsa-mir-519a-2MIRN519A-2MIRN519A2mir-519a-2MIR519A2

miR-519a-2 modulates tumor suppressor gene networks (e.g., CDKN1A, RB1, PTEN); targets MAPK pathway-related genes (e.g., MAP3K2, MAP2K4) in hepatocellular carcinoma; and directly downregulates stress-induced ligands MICA and ULBP2, reducing immune cell recognition.