MicroRNA 568 (miR-568)

MicroRNA 568 (miR-568) is a non-coding RNA belonging to the microRNA family, involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation by targeting the stability and translation of messenger RNAs. In human immune cells, miR-568 acts as a negative regulator of CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation: its expression decreases upon T cell activation, while overexpression suppresses key activation markers, IL-2 production, and cell proliferation. In regulatory T cells (Treg), increased miR-568 inhibits NFAT5, leading to diminished immunosuppressive cytokine production (TGF-β, IL-10), impaired Treg differentiation, and weakened suppression of effector cells. In lung endothelium, miR-568 represses the expression of proinflammatory PBEF/NAMPT, suggesting a role in limiting acute inflammatory lung injury (such as ARDS and VILI). These findings indicate that miR-568 is a key post-transcriptional regulator in immunity and inflammation, and may represent a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases—though targeted drug development and clinical translation remain to be established.

Other names

MIR568hsa-mir-568MIRN568HSA-MIR-568

Post-transcriptional inhibition of target mRNAs (e.g., NFAT5, PBEF/NAMPT) by binding 3’-UTR and repressing translation or promoting mRNA degradation